Understanding plant DNA is key to advancing agriculture, protecting the environment, and creating sustainable cultivated plants. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the fundamental molecule that stores genetic information in plant cells. DNA of plants is capable of self-organization and transmission of hereditary properties from generation to generation.

Plant DNA: plant genomics. Modern sequencing technologies allow us to study plant genomes with unprecedented precision and depth. We are expanding our knowledge of gene structure, function and regulatory mechanisms. This opens up new perspectives for the development of new plant varieties with improved quality and resistance to disease and stress.

Plant DNA: genetic modification. The application of genetic engineering technologies allows the genetic material of plants to be altered to enhance their properties. This includes creating plants that are resistant to pests, drought and chemical attack. However, we also have a responsibility to ensure that such modifications are safe and ethical to minimize potential negative effects.

Plant DNA: epigenetics. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene activity in plants, determining their development and responses to the environment. Studying the epigenetics of plant DNA helps us to understand how external factors such as stress, temperature, and light affect plant genetic expression and adaptation.

The procedure for isolating DNA from plant samples can be complex and time-consuming. However, the D-Plants kit makes the process much easier and faster.

These terms are the basis for understanding the structure, function, and manipulation of plant DNA.

• Genome: the entire set of DNA in a plant cell.
• Chromosome: a structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA.
• Gene: a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein or RNA.
• Allele: the different forms of a gene that can exist in a population.
• Locus: the specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located.
• Polymorphism: variation in DNA sequence between individuals.
• DNA sequence: the order of nucleotides (A, C, G, T) in a DNA molecule.
• Transcription: the process of copying a DNA sequence into an RNA molecule.
• Translation: the process of converting an RNA sequence into a protein.
• Gene expression: the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to make a protein.
• Gene regulation: the control of gene expression to coordinate plant growth, development, and response to the environment.
• Mutation: a change in the DNA sequence.
• Marker: a stretch of DNA with a known sequence that can be used to identify individuals or track the inheritance of traits.
• Genetic diversity: the presence of genetic variation in a population.
• Genotyping: determination of an individual's genotype (set of alleles).
• Phenotyping: determining the phenotype of an individual (observed characteristics).
• Genomic selection: using genome information to improve crops and other plants.
• Genetic engineering: altering the genome of a plant to produce desired traits.